The term “safety management” conveys the notion that managing
safety is a managerial process that must be considered at the same level and
along the same lines as any other managerial processes. In order to reinforce
the notion of safety management being a managerial process, International civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO) proposes including a provision for an organization
to establish lines of safety accountability throughout the organization, as well
as at the senior management level. The term “safety management,” as used by
ICAO, includes two key concepts. First, the concept of a safety programme, which
States implement. Second, the concept if safety management systems which are
implemented by aircraft operators, maintenance organizations, air traffic
services providers and aerodrome operators.
Please Click a title to read more....
QWhy Safety Management Systems?
The effective management of safety requires a
realistic balance between safety, productivity and costs. The process for
achieving this balance is called system safety.
System safety is a formal, yet flexible process.
It requires the use of Quality Assurance and Internal Evaluation Programs to
pro-actively search for opportunities that improve operational processes at
every step of the operation, not simply identifying deficiencies after undesired
events. As a result of the continuous and proactive identification of hazards
and risks associated with the operation, improvements in risk mitigation become
embedded in processes throughout the organization.
The further adoption of Quality Management
principles and use of system safety precepts leads to the development of Safety
Management Systems (SMS).
The implementation of a successful Safety
Management System will contribute to making safety practices proactive rather
than the more traditional reactive approach, and that the adoption of SMS will
provide better and more uniform safety standards throughout the industry
QWhat is a Safety Management System?
Safety
Management is defined as the systematic management of the risks associated with
flight operations, related ground operations and aircraft engineering or
maintenance activities to achieve high levels of safety
performance.
An SMS is an explicit element of the corporate
management responsibility that is supported by the safety, quality and security
aspects described above. It sets out a company’s safety policy and its intent to
manage risk as an integral part of its overall business. An SMS is a very
businesslike approach, with the realization of an acceptable level of safety
being the result of successful management techniques. As with any business plan,
goals must be set, levels of authority and clear accountabilities for
operational safety established, and provision made for the SMS to attract at
least the same focus as that of airline’s financial management system and become
part of the corporate organizational framework. Ultimately, the SMS will become
woven into the fabric of the organization becoming and integral part of the
airline’s culture.
The culture of an organization is “the way things
are done here”. Safety culture can be described as the way in which the
organization conducts its business and particularly in the way it manages risk.
A positive safety culture is generated by an open and honest reporting system
where members of the organization can feel free to report safety issues without
the threat of punitive measures being taken. The positive culture is also known
as a “just culture”, in that honest human errors are accepted as part of human
nature, but deliberate violations of rules and established procedures are not
condoned.
The promotion of the positive, or just, culture
has been proven to be beneficial to organizations as it has increased the flow
of safety reports and enriched the safety data available. This type of culture
is necessary for the organization to learn from errors, including the widest
distribution of the lessons throughout the organization, take remedial action
where necessary, and ensure that processes and procedures are improved to
prevent recurrence of the errors.
Safety culture is both attitudinal as well as
structural, relating to both individuals and organizations. It concerns the
requirement to not only actively identify safety issues but to respond with
appropriate action. Safety culture relates to such intangibles as personal
attitudes and the style of the organization. It is therefore difficult to
measure, especially when the principal criterion for measuring safety is the
absence of accidents and incidents. Personal attitudes and corporate style can
enable or facilitate the unsafe acts and conditions that are the precursors to
accidents and incidents.
Safety culture goes beyond mechanical adherence to
procedures. It requires that all duties important to safety be carried out
correctly, with alertness, due thought and full knowledge, sound judgment, and a
proper sense of accountability throughout all levels of an organization. The
adoption and promotion of such a safety culture is the basic foundation of a
successful Safety Management System.
Internal reporting and documentation are essential
to ensure that affected employee groups and members of the management team have
accurate information regarding SMS performance. Therefore, airlines must have a
corporate business manual that provides a comprehensive description of the
scope, structure and functionality of the management system including
documentation of organizational roles and responsibilities. In addition, a
system must be in place to ensure that the content contained within manuals used
to support and control airline operations are clear, concise and
current.
Section 1 of the IOSA Standards Manual (ISM) and
the associated Guidance Notes incorporate the requirements of an Airline
Management System, including both Safety and Quality Management. It therefore
follows that compliance with the IOSA requirements achieves an acceptable
standard in SMS, and conversely, that an acceptable SMS could be considered a
necessary achievement towards successful completion of an IOSA
audit.
QComponents of Safety Management
System
The elements of an SMS may vary according to the size and
complexity of an aviation organization and its aims and objectives. Various
civil aviation regulatory authorities have produced guidance for aviation
organizations on the elements that make up an effective SMS. Whilst there is no
complete agreement, the suggested elements are generally complementary and
similar. The guidance on SMS elements contained in these regulatory documents
was used to develop this guidance material to airlines on the implementation of
an effective SMS.
The primary requirement is a general commitment from the
highest level of management. The separate elements of an SMS are not stand-alone
and unique; the elements inter-react and support each other. All components of
an SMS should be reviewed on a regular basis to ensure that they remain current
and relevant to the organization.
Quality management must be utilized to ensure that all policies
are clearly defined, with procedures and processes in place to detail how such
policies are to be implemented and managed.
The following components, as a minimum, should be
included in an SMS:
A Policy Statement by the Accountable Executive, containing
senior management’s commitment to safety, quality and security as fundamental
priorities throughout the organization.
A Statement of Accountabilities that clearly defines safety
responsibilities of managers and employees at different levels in the
organization, with effective deputation of responsibilities established for
operationally critical areas when principal office holders are absent.
An Accident Prevention Program, which ensures the capture,
analysis and dissemination of information that can be used to identify
operational hazards, and raise awareness throughout the organization.
A Risk Management Program, comprised of three essential
elements; hazard identification, risk assessment and risk control.
An Emergency Response Program, which includes contingency plans
to ensure the proper response demanded of different parts of an organization
when an emergency arises. This may not necessarily involve an actual aircraft
accident, but should include a “business continuity contingency plan”.
Periodic Reviews to assure the quality of the SMS. The
Accountable Executive is responsible for periodic evaluation of the Safety,
Security and Quality management components to confirm that the SMS remains
effective.
QSafety Management System Integration into
Corporate Safety Program
Saudi Arabian Airlines SMS has been established on a corporate
level and the oversight is entrusted with the Corporate Safety Department as a
function. Executive authority is maintained by the Vice
President - Safety & Security. The SMS is based on the collection and
analysis of safety performance data and the establishment of set safety
performance targets and goals for the organization. SMS strategy has been
developed, combining both reactive and proactive elements.
Management Commitment;
H.E. the D.G. maintains the final
authority over the SMS with the co-operation, membership and support of all
operational Divisional Vice Presidents, with each vice president commitment and
responsibility to the SMS Program. The Director General’s Safety Statement,
covering the company’s Safety Policy and Terms of Reference is presented in the
Saudi Arabian Airlines Safety Manual (SAASM) and forms the basis of the
airline’s Safety Culture. This statement clearly illustrates the implementation
of safety policies and objectives. The promotion of safety culture is achieved
through several methods including the Corporate Safety Web Site and the
publishing of Flight Crew Bulletins, Safety Promotional Campaigns,
safety-related posters and associated art work, and the presentation of Safety
Seminars.
Organization;
Saudi Arabian Airlines has a clearly
defined organizational structure for managing safety and day to day operational
activities. HE The DG maintains total executive authority with the membership of
all Operational Divisional Vice Presidents and their management. The
accountabilities and responsibilities are defined for all organizational levels.
Several committees throughout the airlines are functioning regularly such as:
COSQAC (Corporate Operational Safety and Quality Assurance
Committee) chaired by HEDG.
EM (Executive Meeting) chaired by HEDG.
SCC (Safety Central Committee) chaired by the GM - Corporate
Safety
Threat Identification;
Threat and hazard identification
exists through reactive and proactive measures. Trend monitoring, occurrence
reporting and investigations are examples of reactive processes. Proactive
processes are demonstrated through the observation and analysis of routine
day-to-day operations, non-punitive reporting systems, safety assessments,
safety inspection, safety surveillance programs, audits, flight data analysis
(FDA), line observations, all of which are conducted by the concerned
Operational Division. All identified safety data is systematically recorded,
stored and analyzed.
Risk Management
Criteria are established within the
airline for risk assessment and management. Risks are analysed and ranked by
competent personnel (including experienced safety representatives) through the
SCC (Safety Communication Committee), the Air Safety Report (ASR), the Cabin
Safety Report (CSR), and the Ground Safety Report (GSR). Practical risk control
measures are evaluated. Management takes immediate action to reduce, eliminate
or avoid the risks. Staff is aware of the actions taken to avoid or eliminate
identified hazards. Procedures are in place to confirm that the actions taken
are working as intended.
Investigation Capability
Concerned employees within the
airline have received formal training in safety investigation. Each hazard and
incident report is evaluated with further safety investigation as necessary
through the Pre – SCC (Safety Communication Committee), The airlines Management
plays an active role in investigation findings and recommendations of relevant
Safety Investigation Teams (SIT), applying risk management, threat & error
management (IATA) procedures for identified hazards. Safety lessons learned are
widely disseminated. This in turn reported periodically in the COSQAC.
Safety Analysis Capability;
Airline employees have
received training in analytical methods and have access to competent safety
analysts. Analytical tools are available to support safety analysis. The
organization maintains a credible safety database. Other information sources are
accessible; hazard information and performance data are routinely monitored
through trend analysis and other methods. Safety recommendations are made to
management and appropriate corrective actions are taken and tracked to ensure
that they are appropriate and effective. Flight Operations and Technical
Services are using their own tools (such as FLIDRES, FOQA program, Safety
Indicator index) for data analysis and planning and share that data with the
Corporate Safety Department. The company is now in the process of centralizing
digital data for more effective data sharing.
Safety Promotion and Training;
The airlines provided the
require training in safety for all concerned staff. Competency requirements are
considered for job descriptions. Personnel receive safety indoctrination
training and other advanced training. Additional safety awareness training is
provided when the operating environment changes including, but not limited to
the following; seasonal changes, operational conditions, and regulatory
requirements.
Documentation and Information Management
Documentations
and data control exist throughout the organization. Documents are updated
regularly and are readily available when required. Effective measures have been
taken for the protection of sensitive safety information. Resources both human
and technical support is available for managing safety information. Appropriate
staffs have access to safety databases. The company is in the process of
introducing a complete electronic filing system.
Safety Oversight & Program Evaluation
HE The DG is
the Chairman of the Company Operational Safety and Quality Assurance Program
(COSQAC). Safety performance indicators are agreed upon and realistic safety
targets established. All operational divisions are responsible for their
internal evaluation program. Adequate resources are allocated to the safety
oversight and programme evaluation functions. Safety audits are conducted for
all operational areas of the airline (including the activities of contracting
agencies). Other corporate safety & quality assurance committees such as SCC
(Safety Communication Committee), ICSC (IOSA Corporate Steering Committee) are
monitoring the oversight program evaluations to include the systematic review of
all available feedback including: safety assessments, quality assurance
programme results, safety trend analyses, safety surveys, safety audits, etc.
Findings are communicated to staff and reform measures are implemented as
required to strengthen the system.
Emergency Response Program
A detailed aircraft
categorization and specific checklists streamlining the company executive
response to all types of accidents/incidents and a contract with a family
support company in the USA and Europe was signed to facilitate the victims and
families of the injured. A position for an emergency response manager was
created to assure the effective emergency response to any accident or incident
and to ensure that all Saudi Arabian Airlines emergency response local plans are
developed and practically implemented for all stations and to conduct periodic
emergency drills. These programs explained in the Corporate Emergency Response
Manual (CERM).
IATA Operational Safety Audit (IOSA)
Saudi Arabian
Airlines has successfully achieved the IOSA certificate as an IOSA member. An
IOSA Corporate Steering Committee (ICSC) is responsible to monitor the IOSA
Standards and any IOSA updates and ensures the airline’s readiness for the IOSA
periodic recurrent. An IOSA addition to Corporate Safety Web Site was created to
communicate with all aviation organizations and within the company to
communicate these issues with the employees.
Accident Prevention Program;
A total prevention program
is conducted through each concerned Operational Division and oversight is
provided by the Corporate Safety Department.
We consider that safety is a corporate value for our company.
Our continuous improvement to a safer working culture never
ceases.
All Logos/Images displayed in this Website are copyright to their respective owners. These Logos/Images are used here for reference and description -and in most cases- as links to the owners Websites
.
Notice: Unless clearly expressed, all
information published in this site is for information and education
purpose only and not meant to replace or override the currently
established written policies and procedures.